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historical archaeology of labor in convict Australia :
IN: Historical Archaeology 57, 1008-1030, 2023. Authors and Affiliations: Department of Archaeology, Classics and History, University of New England, School of Humanities, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia, Martin Gibbs, Richard Tuffin & David Roe. Springer Link Open Access "Between 1788 and 1868 Britain transported some 171,000 male and female convicted felons to Australia, in the process establishing the foundation European population and instituting a process of invasion and colonization. The convict “system” remains a signature theme in Australian historical and archaeological research, contributing to a multitude of areas of investigation: punishment and reform, colonialism, and colonization process, as well as social aspiration and cultural transformation. This article provides an overview of the history, organization, and physical structure of the system." -- Abstract. "Between 1788 and 1868 Britain transported some 171,000 male and female convicted felons to Australia, in the process establishing the foundation European population and instituting a process of invasion and colonization. The convict “system” remains a signature theme in Australian historical and archaeological research, contributing to a multitude of areas of investigation: punishment and reform, colonialism, and colonization process, as well as social aspiration and cultural transformation. This article provides an overview of the history, organization, and physical structure of the system." -- Abstract.